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Factors associated with asthma expression in adolescents
Silvia de Souza Campos Fernandes1, Dirceu Solé2, Paulo Camargos1
1. Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG - Belo Horizonte (MG) Brasil.
Summary
Asthma symptoms in adolescents are linked to early life factors like low birth weight and daycare attendance. Environmental exposures, including pets and parental smoking, also significantly increase asthma risk.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition in adolescents.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate risk factors associated with asthma symptoms in 13- to 14-year-old adolescents.
- To inform public health interventions for asthma prevention.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.
- Data collected from adolescents and their parents/guardians in Brazilian public schools.
- Multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify significant risk factors.
Main Results:
- Asthma symptoms were observed in 33.1% of the 375 adolescents studied.
- Significant risk factors included low birth weight (<2,500g), daycare attendance, maternal asthma history, and early-life or current animal contact.
- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure (≥20 cigarettes/day) was also a significant risk factor.
Conclusions:
- Exposure to animals (in and outside the home) is associated with increased asthma symptoms.
- Environmental tobacco smoke is a key risk factor for adolescent asthma.
- Public health strategies should address these environmental exposures to reduce asthma prevalence and severity.
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