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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Anatomic Study on Sphenoidal Emissary Foramen by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Seval Bayrak1, Emine Şebnem Kurşun-Çakmak2, Cemal Atakan3
1Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu.
The sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) was identified in 28.1% of 317 CBCT scans, with oval shapes being most common. This study provides key anatomical data for SEF variations.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Anatomy
- Neurosurgery
Background:
- The sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) is an anatomical landmark with variable morphology.
- Understanding SEF variations is crucial for surgical and diagnostic procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the radiologic anatomy of the sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF).
- To characterize SEF incidence, diameter, shape, and relationship to adjacent structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 317 full-head CBCT scans (189 female, 128 male).
- Evaluation of SEF incidence, diameter, shape, confluence to foramen ovale, and distance to anatomical structures.
Main Results:
- SEF identified in 28.1% of scans (21.1% unilateral, 6.9% bilateral).
- Mean maximum diameters: 2.66 mm (right), 2.82 mm (left).
- Oval shape most common (68.5%); confluence observed in 23.4%, predominantly on the left (84.6%).
Conclusions:
- This study presents novel anatomical parameters for SEF incidence and characteristics.
- Detailed knowledge of SEF variations is valuable for neurosurgeons and radiologists.
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