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Imaging Leukocyte Adhesion to the Vascular Endothelium at High Intraluminal Pressure
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The Role of (Modified) Lipoproteins in Vascular Function: A Duet Between Monocytes and the Endothelium

Johan G Schnitzler1, Geesje M Dallinga-Thie1,2, Jeffrey Kroon1,2

  • 1Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|March 17, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and other lipoproteins like lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] contribute to atherosclerosis by promoting inflammation and monocyte activation. Understanding these roles is crucial for managing cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  • Modified LDL exhibits inflammatory properties, impairing endothelial integrity and promoting immune cell infiltration and foam cell formation.
  • LDL influences monocyte behavior, facilitating their migration into the subendothelial space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the atherogenic roles of various lipoproteins.
  • To explore the impact of lipoproteins on monocyte and endothelial cell inflammation.
  • To highlight the contribution of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to atherogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lipoprotein function in atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying lipoprotein-induced inflammation.
  • Examination of lipoprotein effects on monocyte and endothelial cell pathways.

Main Results:

  • Accumulating evidence implicates lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in activating peripheral monocytes and promoting endothelial transmigration.
  • Remnant cholesterol plays a significant role in endothelial dysfunction and altered monocyte behavior.
  • Both LDL and other lipoproteins contribute to inflammatory processes at the monocyte and endothelial levels.

Conclusions:

  • Lipoproteins beyond LDL, including TRL and Lp(a), are increasingly recognized for their atherogenic potential.
  • Targeting lipoprotein-mediated inflammation in monocytes and endothelium may offer novel therapeutic strategies for CVD.
  • A comprehensive understanding of lipoprotein involvement in atherosclerosis is essential for effective CVD prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
LipoproteinsLp(a)apoBatherogenesisendothelial cellsmonocytesoxidized phospholipidsremnants.

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