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Related Concept Videos

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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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High-Performance All-Solid-State Na-S Battery Enabled by Casting-Annealing Technology.

Xiulin Fan, Jie Yue, Fudong Han

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    |March 17, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Room-temperature all-solid-state sodium-sulfur batteries (ASNSBs) overcome interfacial stress and resistance. A novel casting-annealing process enhances contact and stability for next-generation energy storage.

    Keywords:
    Na2SNa3PS4Na−S batteriescasting−annealingsolid-state electrolyte

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Electrochemistry
    • Energy Storage

    Background:

    • All-solid-state sodium-sulfur batteries (ASNSBs) offer high energy density and safety using abundant sodium and sulfur.
    • Conventional cold-pressing fabrication of ASNSBs leads to high residual stress and poor interfacial contact.
    • Volume changes during cycling exacerbate interfacial degradation, increasing resistance and limiting practical application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a fabrication method that reduces interfacial stress and resistance in Na-S cathodes.
    • To enhance the interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte, active material, and conductive agent.
    • To improve the electrochemical performance and long-term stability of ASNSBs.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of Na2S-Na3PS4-CMK-3 nanocomposites via melting-casting.
    • Application of a stress-release annealing-precipitation process.
    • Characterization of interfacial properties and electrochemical performance.

    Main Results:

    • The casting-annealing process ensured intimate contact between Na3PS4 electrolyte and CMK-3 carbon.
    • In situ precipitated Na2S active species formed stress-free interfaces with the electrolyte and carbon.
    • The composite cathode achieved a stable capacity of 810 mAh/g at 50 mA/g for 50 cycles at 60 °C.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel casting-annealing strategy effectively eliminates residual stress and reduces interfacial resistance in Na2S cathodes.
    • This method significantly enhances the electrochemical performance and stability of ASNSBs.
    • The approach provides a pathway for developing mechanically robust and high-performance next-generation ASNSBs.