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Behaviors of rice straw two-step liquefaction with sub/supercritical ethanol in carbon dioxide atmosphere
Tianhua Yang1, Jian Wang1, Bingshuo Li2
1School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang Aerospace University, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Shenyang 110036, China.
Abstract:
This study extended previous work investigating two-step liquefaction by supercritical ethanol of rice straw under CO2 atmosphere at temperatures of 270-345 °C. Subcritical CO2-subcritical ethanol (SubCO2-SubEtOH) pretreatment decreased the content of lignin in the rice stalk from 22.94 to 21.43 wt%. The results showed that although oxygen-transfer reaction, transesterification, carbonylation, and other reactions may occur with the supercritical CO2-supercritical ethanol (ScCO2-ScEtOH) liquefaction reactions, transesterification was the main reaction. The "de-oxygen-transfer" reaction mainly comprised de-oxygenation and decarboxylation. For temperatures exceeding 320 °C, the bio-oil yield decreased because the effects of esters decreased. The residence time affected the H/C and O/C ratios to a minor extent. It was shown that the nucleophilic and hydrolytic functions of ethanol might be strengthened, generating higher amounts of ester, phenolic, acidic, and hydrocarbon derivatives in the bio-oil fraction.
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