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Dynamically generated patterns in dense suspensions of active filaments.

K R Prathyusha1, Silke Henkes2, Rastko Sknepnek1,3

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Active semiflexible filaments exhibit distinct nonequilibrium phases. Increased activity leads to collective flow and density fluctuations, transitioning to rotating spirals, revealing shape-changing responses in active matter.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Systems
  • Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Dense systems of active semiflexible filaments are ubiquitous in biological and synthetic contexts.
  • Understanding their collective dynamics and phase behavior under activity is crucial for predicting emergent properties.
  • Previous studies often focused on simpler active particles lacking internal degrees of freedom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamical behavior and phase transitions of a dense planar layer of active semiflexible filaments.
  • To map the phase diagram by varying active force strength and thermal persistence length.
  • To identify and characterize novel nonequilibrium phases and their underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Langevin dynamics simulations were employed to model the system.
  • Key parameters included active force strength and thermal persistence length.
  • Analysis focused on collective flow, order parameters (polar and nematic), and density fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • A detailed phase diagram was constructed, revealing several distinct nonequilibrium phases.
  • A slowly flowing melt phase and a high-activity phase with collective flow, polar/nematic order, and density fluctuations were identified.
  • An activity-driven transition to a phase of rotating spirals formed by individual filaments was observed, indicating a shape-change response.

Conclusions:

  • Active semiflexible filaments exhibit complex nonequilibrium behavior driven by activity.
  • The system transitions between flowing and non-flowing phases, with the latter characterized by agent shape changes (spirals).
  • This study highlights a unique response mechanism in active matter systems with internal degrees of freedom.