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Long-range order in two-dimensional systems with fluctuating active stresses.

Yann-Edwin Keta1, Silke Henkes1

  • 1Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Universiteit Leiden, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands. keta@lorentz.leidenuniv.nl.

Soft Matter
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Pair-wise active forces in 2D tissues stabilize long-range order and create hyperuniformity, defying traditional physics theorems. This hidden order is observed in both analytical models and numerical simulations of cell tissues.

Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Two-dimensional tissues exhibit active stresses from cytoskeletal contractions.
  • Standard active matter models often assume particle-wise independent fluctuating forces.
  • Dissipation in these systems is typically provided by the surrounding three-dimensional environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically and numerically investigate the effects of pair-wise active stresses in two-dimensional elastic systems.
  • To explore the emergence of long-range order and hyperuniformity.
  • To study phase transitions in cell tissue models with active stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of conserved center-of-mass dynamics from pair-wise stochastic forces.

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Tuning the Contractility and Deformation Modes of Active Actin-Based Assemblies In Vitro: From Two-Dimensional Active Networks to Liquid Crystal Drops
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  • Development and simulation of a vertex model with stochastic junctional contractions.
  • Development and simulation of an active disk model based on active Brownian particles.

    • Main Results:

    • Pair-wise active forces damp large-wavelength fluctuations, stabilizing long-range translational order in 2D.
    • Emergence of hyperuniformity with a specific structure factor (S(q) ~ q^2) in the q → 0 limit.
    • Numerical models confirm long-range order and hyperuniformity, even in disordered phases, indicating hidden order.
    • A first-order phase transition between ordered and disordered phases was observed in the active disk model.

    Conclusions:

    • Pair-wise active stresses can lead to long-range order and hyperuniformity in 2D systems, challenging the Mermin-Wagner theorem.
    • The discovered mechanism of hidden order is general and applicable to both biological and artificial systems.
    • Results are expected to be experimentally testable in living organisms and synthetic active matter.