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HearNPV Pseudotyped with PIF1, 2, and 3 from MabrNPV: Infectivity and Complex Stability
George Alliwa Makalliwa1,2,3, Xi Wang1,3, Huanyu Zhang1,3
1State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Virologica Sinica
|March 18, 2018
Summary
The per os infectivity factor (PIF) complex is crucial for oral infection by nucleopolyhedroviruses. PIF1 and PIF2 are virus-specific, while PIF3 shows limited heterologous function, impacting infectivity.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Insect Pathology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Oral infection by nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) relies on per os infectivity factors (PIFs) interacting with larval midgut cells.
- Understanding the specificity and function of PIFs is key to controlling NPV efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the functional role and specificity of PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 in Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) oral infectivity.
- To determine if heterologous PIFs can rescue oral infectivity in HearNPV.
Main Methods:
- Construction of pseudotyped HearNPV by replacing pif1, pif2, or pif3 genes with homologs from Mamestra brassicae NPV.
- Infectivity assays in tissue culture cells and larvae.
- Electron microscopy to examine occlusion bodies and occlusion-derived virus (ODV).
- Western blot analysis to detect PIF complex in ODVs.
Main Results:
- All pseudotyped viruses produced infectious budded virus in cell culture and larvae.
- Morphologically, synthesized occlusion bodies and ODVs were similar to the parental virus.
- Only the pif3 pseudotyped virus partially rescued oral infectivity, with significantly lower mortality than parental HearNPV.
- The PIF complex was detected in ODVs of the pif3 pseudotyped virus but not in pif1 or pif2 pseudotyped viruses.
Conclusions:
- The PIF complex is essential for oral infectivity of HearNPV.
- PIF1 and PIF2 are virus-specific components required for PIF complex formation.
- PIF3 exhibits limited functional conservation and can operate in a heterologous environment, though with reduced efficacy.
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