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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Fluid flow analysis is critical in many scientific and engineering disciplines, and two principal approaches are used to describe this flow: the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods offer different perspectives on monitoring and analyzing the motion of fluids, each with distinct advantages depending on the scenario.
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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) Level 1 Version 3 (L1V3).

Frank T Bergmann1,2, Jonathan Cooper3, Matthias König4

  • 1Modelling of Biol. Processes, BioQUANT/COS, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
|March 19, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational biology research requires standardized methods for simulation experiments. The Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) provides a framework for describing models, procedures, and data, enhancing reproducibility and sharing in biological research.

Keywords:
Simulation experimentcomputational modelingreproducibility

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Reproducing, annotating, archiving, and sharing computational simulation experiments is crucial for modern biological research.
  • Existing standards like SBML and CellML formalize computational models, but describing simulation procedures requires additional specifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) as a standard for describing computational simulation experiments.
  • To detail the capabilities of SED-ML in encoding models, modifications, simulation procedures, data processing, and reporting.

Main Methods:

  • SED-ML is an XML-based format designed to encode key components of a simulation experiment.
  • It specifies which models to use, modifications, simulation procedures, data post-processing, and results visualization.

Main Results:

  • SED-ML Level 1 Version 1 (L1V1) supported basic time course simulations.
  • SED-ML L1V2 introduced support for repeated tasks and chained simulation procedures.
  • SED-ML L1V3 further extended capabilities to include the use of datasets and subsets within experiments.

Conclusions:

  • SED-ML, along with other COMBINE standards, facilitates the reproduction of simulation studies across different users and software tools.
  • These standards are essential for robust and shareable computational biology research.