Systems biology graphical notation: activity flow language level 1 version 1.3

The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) is a global, community-driven initiative that provides standardised visual languages for depicting biological pathways and networks. Its purpose is to deliver clear, consistent diagrams that support accurate communication and knowledge exchange across research communities, industry, and other stakeholders in systems biology. SBGN comprises three complementary languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER), and Activity Flow (AF), each capturing distinct facets of biological and biochemical systems at varying levels of detail. The AF language depicts the activities of biological entities and their mutual influences, focusing on performed functions rather than the mechanistic or relational detail emphasised in PD and ER. AF includes activity nodes (e.g., biological activities such as kinase or binding, and phenotypes) and structural elements (e.g., compartments, submaps, tags), with edges representing the influence relationships between activities (e.g., positive and negative influence). AF aligns closely with the style of signaling pathway diagrams found in biological literature, while providing enhanced semantic precision for capturing and communicating biological knowledge. Level 1 Version 1.3 introduces several improvements over Level 1 Version 1.2, including refined document organization and terminology, clearer and updated specification content, and revised figures and rules to strengthen consistency and interpretability throughout the language.