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Related Concept Videos

Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

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Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Average Acceleration01:30

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The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
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Acceleration Vectors01:30

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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates
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Sirtuins and Accelerated Aging in Scleroderma.

Anne E Wyman1,2,3, Sergei P Atamas4,5

  • 1Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Maryland Health Care Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|March 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Scleroderma is linked to aging mechanisms and reduced sirtuin (SIRT) levels. Restoring SIRT activity shows promise for treating fibrosis in scleroderma patients.

Keywords:
AgingFibroblastFibrosisLungSIRTSScSclerodermaSirtuinSkinSystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Aging Research
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Aging processes contribute to diseases like scleroderma.
  • Sirtuins (SIRTs) are key regulators of aging.
  • SIRTs are implicated in scleroderma pathogenesis, particularly fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of SIRTs in scleroderma.
  • To examine SIRT involvement through the lens of aging-related mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on SIRTs and scleroderma.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking SIRTs to fibrosis.
  • Examination of SIRT modulation in cellular and animal models.

Main Results:

  • SIRT levels are generally decreased in scleroderma patients and models.
  • Reduced SIRTs contribute to fibrosis, notably via TGF-β signaling.
  • Activating SIRTs demonstrates antifibrotic effects in experimental settings.

Conclusions:

  • Declining SIRT levels and activity are pathophysiological factors in scleroderma.
  • Restoration of SIRT function may offer a therapeutic strategy for scleroderma.