Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026
09:14
Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
Published on: February 16, 2018
12.7K
Biosensing strategies based on enzymatic reactions and nanoparticles
Beatriz Díez-Buitrago1, Nerea Briz2, Luis M Liz-Marzán3
1CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. vpavlov@cicbiomagune.es llizmarzan@cicbiomagune.es and Tecnalia, Paseo Mikeletegi 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
The Analyst
|March 20, 2018
Summary
Nanoparticles enhance enzyme-based bioanalysis sensitivity and reduce costs. Novel nanoparticle methods offer improved detection of enzymatic activities under physiological conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Nanoscience
- Bioanalysis
Background:
- Enzymes are crucial for bioanalysis due to high specificity and catalytic activity.
- Traditional enzyme substrates (chromogenic, fluorogenic) are costly and unstable, leading to high background signals.
- Detecting enzymatic reaction products limits bioanalytical assay sensitivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review state-of-the-art assays for enzymatic activity detection using nanoscience advancements.
- To highlight novel nanoparticle-based methods for enhanced bioanalysis.
- To discuss enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) utilizing nanoparticles.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advances in nanoscience for enzyme detection.
- Application of nanoparticles as recognition elements and signal amplifiers.
- Utilizing biocatalytic synthesis, modulation, etching, and aggregation of nanoparticles.
Main Results:
- Nanoparticle-based assays significantly increase sensitivity in bioanalysis.
- These novel methods decrease the cost of enzyme-based assays.
- Nanoparticle approaches enable detection under physiological conditions.
Conclusions:
- Nanoparticles offer a promising avenue for cost-effective and highly sensitive enzymatic activity detection.
- Novel nanoparticle-enzyme interactions advance bioanalytical assay capabilities.
- Future bioanalysis can leverage these nanoscience-driven techniques for improved diagnostics.
Related Concept Videos
03:26Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions
63.9K
An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
63.9K
01:27Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions
10.7K
Acids and bases play several important roles in biology. The pH of a biological system can significantly impact the function of biological molecules, including enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. For example, enzymes have optimal pH ranges for their activity, and changes in pH can denature or alter their structure, affecting their function. Acids and bases also play a crucial role in cellular signaling and communication. The pH of the extracellular fluid around cells can influence the...
10.7K
00:56Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction
2.8K
The reaction between two different carbonyl compounds comprising α hydrogen in the presence of a strong base like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) to form a crossed aldol product is known as a directed aldol reaction. The directed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.
2.8K
01:08Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction
4.6K
As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
4.6K
01:14Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases
2.7K
This lesson deals with the crossed aldol reaction using weak bases. The self-condensation of an aldehyde having α hydrogen is prevented by adding it slowly to a mixture of formaldehyde and weak bases like hydroxide and alkoxide. Upon slow addition of the aldehyde, the base deprotonates the α carbon of the aldehyde to form the corresponding enolate. The enolate subsequently attacks the formaldehyde to form a single crossed product. Figure 1 depicts the aforementioned reaction.
2.7K
02:05Position of Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions
15.2K
In any solution, the value of pKa indicates whether an acid is completely dissociated or not. A negative pKa corresponds to a stronger acid, whereas a positive pKa corresponds to a weaker acid. Consider the reaction between ammonia and an ethoxide ion. In this reaction, ethanol with a pKa of 15.9 is a stronger acid than ammonia with a pKa of 38. Recall that the strong acid forms a weak conjugate base, and a weak acid forms a strong conjugate base. Hence, the ethoxide ion is a weak base.
15.2K