3D printed microneedles for insulin skin delivery

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Transdermal drug delivery offers a minimally invasive alternative to injections.
• Microneedle technology presents a promising approach for enhanced percutaneous absorption.
• Maintaining insulin stability and achieving rapid release are critical challenges in transdermal insulin delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To fabricate polymeric microneedle patches using stereolithography for transdermal insulin delivery.
• To evaluate the efficacy of different drug carriers in preserving insulin integrity and facilitating release.
• To assess the in vitro release kinetics of insulin from microneedle patches through porcine skin.

Main Methods:

• Stereolithography (3D printing) was employed to create biocompatible microneedle patches.
• Insulin formulations were coated onto microneedles using inkjet printing.
• Circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy analyzed insulin integrity.
• Franz cell diffusion studies assessed in vitro insulin release rates.

Main Results:

• 3D printed microneedle patches with pyramid and cone designs were successfully fabricated.
• Trehalose, mannitol, and xylitol were used as carriers, with xylitol showing the best performance in maintaining insulin's native form.
• Rapid insulin release was observed within 30 minutes, irrespective of microneedle design.
• 3D printing proved effective for creating scalable and biocompatible microneedle patches.

Conclusions:

• 3D printing is a viable technology for fabricating microneedle patches for transdermal insulin delivery.
• The developed microneedle patches facilitate rapid insulin release, indicating potential for effective diabetes treatment.
• Drug carriers play a crucial role in maintaining insulin stability during transdermal delivery.