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    Head trauma frequently causes post-traumatic olfactory loss (PTOL). Early assessment of PTOL is crucial for timely olfactory training to improve smell function after injury.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Head trauma is a leading cause of post-traumatic olfactory loss (PTOL).
    • Understanding the pathogenesis, assessment, and management of PTOL is critical.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on PTOL, including its causes, pathogenesis, and management.
    • To explore assessment and treatment standards for PTOL.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature search and appraisal in PubMed.
    • Focused on olfactory disorders, trauma, pathogenesis, examination, recovery, and treatment of PTOL.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence is strongest for PTOL epidemiology and diagnostic tools.
    • Objective olfactory testing batteries show promise for PTOL assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • Adequate assessment of PTOL is vital for initiating olfactory training.
    • Early intervention through olfactory training can aid recovery.