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Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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An RLC circuit combines a resistor, inductor, and capacitor, connected in a series or parallel combination.
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Ultrahigh Damping Capacities in Lightweight Structural Materials.

Andrea Knöller1, Stefan Kilper1, Achim M Diem1

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Nano Letters
|March 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed ultralight ceramic scaffolds with hierarchical structures. These materials demonstrate remarkable mechanical resilience and ultrahigh damping capacities, comparable to advanced metamaterials.

Keywords:
Vanadium pentoxideice templatinglightweight materialsmechanical damping

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • The need for advanced materials with superior properties drives innovation in materials science.
  • Lightweight structural materials are crucial for applications in sensors, catalysts, battery electrodes, and damping systems.
  • Hierarchical structures offer unique mechanical and physical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for fabricating ultralight, hierarchically structured ceramic scaffolds of macroscopic size.
  • To investigate the dynamic mechanical performance and damping capabilities of these novel ceramic materials.
  • To explore the potential of these scaffolds as advanced lightweight structural materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ultralight ceramic scaffolds with hierarchical structuring.
  • Characterization of material density (ρ = 3 mg/cm³).
  • Evaluation of dynamic mechanical performance, including mechanical reversibility and damping capacity (tan δ).

Main Results:

  • Successful design and fabrication of macroscopic, ultralight ceramic scaffolds (ρ = 3 mg/cm³).
  • Demonstrated mechanical reversibility comparable to microscopic metamaterials.
  • Achieved ultrahigh damping capacities (tan δ up to 0.47) due to a resilient deformation mechanism similar to polyurethane foams.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy enables the creation of advanced ultralight ceramic materials with exceptional mechanical properties.
  • These hierarchically structured ceramic scaffolds offer a promising new class of materials for high-performance damping applications.
  • The findings contribute to the development of novel lightweight structural materials for diverse technological applications.