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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Restructuring and Hydrogen Evolution on Pt Nanoparticle.

Guang-Feng Wei1, Zhi-Pan Liu1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .

Chemical Science
|March 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum nanoparticle restructuring under hydrogen evolution conditions enhances catalytic activity. Ultrasmall platinum particles, below 20 atoms, are predicted as the most active catalysts for this reaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience
  • Catalysis
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoparticle restructuring under reaction conditions is complex.
  • Understanding structure dynamics is crucial for catalytic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate nanoparticle restructuring.
  • To determine the catalytic consequences for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • To identify active sites and predict optimal catalyst structures.

Main Methods:

  • First principles calculations.
  • Global structure search method.
  • Thermodynamic analysis of nanoparticle restructuring.

Main Results:

  • Pt nanoparticles restructure under HER conditions, exposing {100} facets.
  • Restructuring thermodynamically driven, leading to increased activity.
  • Apex atoms identified as the primary active sites.
  • Enhanced kinetics is a byproduct of restructuring.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal Pt catalysts for HER are ultrasmall nanoparticles (<20 atoms) without core atoms.
  • Thermodynamic restructuring significantly enhances catalytic performance.
  • Structure-dynamics-activity relationships are key for catalyst design.