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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Published on: November 16, 2018
Utilizing a Spiro Core with Acridine- and Phenothiazine-Based New Hole Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient
Ramanaskanda Braveenth1, Il-Ji Bae2, Ji-Hun Han3
1Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan City, Chonbuk 570-749, Korea. braveenth.czbt@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Two new hole transporting materials, 2,7-bis(9,9-diphenylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9,9' spirobi[fluorene] (SP1) and 2,7-di(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] (SP2), were designed and synthesized by using the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction with a high yield percentage of over 84%. Both of the materials exhibited high glass transition temperatures of over 150 °C. In order to understand the device performances, we have fabricated green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with SP1 and SP2 as hole transporting materials. Both of the materials revealed improved device properties, in particular, the SP2-based device showed excellent power (34.47 lm/W) and current (38.41 cd/A) efficiencies when compare with the 4,4'-bis(N-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)biphenyl (NPB)-based reference device (30.33 lm/W and 32.83 cd/A). The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of SP2 was 13.43%, which was higher than SP1 (13.27%) and the reference material (11.45%) with a similar device structure. The SP2 hole transporting material provides an effective charge transporting path from anode to emission layer, which is explained by the device efficiencies.
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