The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference From Observational Data.

Area of Science:

• Scientific methodology
• Causal inference

Background:

• Causal inference is fundamental to scientific inquiry.
• Researchers often avoid explicit causal language, opting for "associational estimates".

Purpose of the Study:

• To advocate for the explicit use of "causal" terminology in observational research.
• To demonstrate how explicit causal language enhances research quality.

Main Methods:

• This is a commentary, not an empirical study.
• The argument is based on logical reasoning and the principles of scientific rigor.

Main Results:

• Explicitly stating the causal objective clarifies the scientific question.
• It minimizes errors in data analysis and reduces overstatement in results interpretation.

Conclusions:

• Using "causal" language is essential for improving the quality and clarity of observational research.
• Clarity in causal objectives leads to more precise scientific understanding.