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Refractive error magnitude and variability: Relation to age.

Elizabeth L Irving1, Carolyn M Machan1, Sharon Lam1

  • 1University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada.

Journal of Optometry
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mean ocular refraction and astigmatism change with age, with myopia peaking in young adults. This study found increased myopia severity compared to earlier research.

Keywords:
Age-related refractive errorAnisometropiaAnisometropíaAstigmatismAstigmatismoError refractivo relacionado con la edadMean ocular refractionRefracción ocular mediaRefractive error variabilityVariabilidad del error refractivo

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Human Refractive Development

Background:

  • Understanding age-related changes in ocular refraction is crucial for diagnosing and managing refractive errors.
  • Previous studies on refractive error distribution have primarily focused on specific age groups or clinical populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mean ocular refraction (MOR) and astigmatism across the human lifespan.
  • To compare the severity of refractive errors in a contemporary population with historical data.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive study utilizing the Waterloo Eye Study database (WatES).
  • Analysis of patient age, refractive error, and surgical history.
  • Assessment of MOR, astigmatism, and their distributions in relation to age.

Main Results:

  • Mean ocular refraction (MOR) varied significantly with age, with hyperopia in infants and peak myopia at age 27 (-2.86D).
  • Astigmatism increased with age, particularly after 60, reaching 1.25D by age 85+.
  • Contemporary data (WatES) indicated greater myopia severity compared to earlier clinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular refraction and its distribution are age-dependent.
  • Young adults exhibit the highest magnitude of myopia.
  • Myopia severity appears to have increased over time, consistent with prevalence trends.