Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
Published on: October 6, 2022
Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy initiation on adherence to antituberculosis treatment
Marlene Knight1,2, Robyn L van Zyl2, Ian Sanne3
1Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Background:
Healthcare workers are often reluctant to start combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients receiving tuberculosis (TB) treatment because of the fear of high pill burden, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and side-effects.
Object:
To quantify changes in adherence to tuberculosis treatment following ART initiation.
Design:
A prospective observational cohort study of ART-naïve individuals with baseline CD4 count between 50 cells/mm3 and 350 cells/mm3 at start of TB treatment at a primary care clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Adherence to TB treatment was measured by pill count, self-report, and electronic Medication Event Monitoring System (eMEMS) before and after initiation of ART.
Results:
ART tended to negatively affect adherence to TB treatment, with an 8% - 10% decrease in the proportion of patients adherent according to pill count and an 18% - 22% decrease in the proportion of patients adherent according to eMEMS in the first month following ART initiation, independent of the cut-off used to define adherence (90%, 95% or 100%). Reasons for non-adherence were multifactorial, and employment was the only predictor for optimal adherence (adjusted odds ratio 4.11, 95% confidence interval 1.06-16.0).
Conclusion:
Adherence support in the period immediately following ART initiation could optimise treatment outcomes for people living with TB and HIV.
Related Concept Videos
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Initiation of Translation
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation
Gene Therapy
Transcription Initiation
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
Impact of Groups on Groups

