Serum Exoglycosidases in Children and Adolescents With Harmful Alcohol Use
Napoleon Waszkiewicz1, Witold Olański, Sylwia Chojnowska
1Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Choroszcz, Poland (NW, SDS); Hospital Emergency Department, Paediatric University Hospital, Białystok, Poland (WO, UK, KP, WM, AB-P); Medical Institute, College of Computer Science and Business Administration, Łomża, Poland (SC); Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland (AW); Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszków, Poland (AS); Medical College of the Universal Education Society, Łomża, Poland (KZ).
Objective:
There is a lack of accurate alcohol-use biomarkers in children/adolescents due to a short drinking duration/rapid normalization of elevated markers. We checked if lysosomal exoglycosidases, elevated earlier in binge-drinking young adults, can be applicable in children/adolescents as markers of harmful alcohol use.
Methods:
The serum activities (pKat/mL) of α-fucosidase (FUC), β-galactosidase (GAL), β-glucuronidase (GLU), β-hexosaminidase (HEX; its HEX A and HEX B isoenzymes), and α-mannosidase (MAN) were determined in 20 healthy controls (C) and 25 children/adolescents with harmful alcohol use (intoxicated by alcohol at hospital admission -AI1 and on the next day -AI2).
Results:
The serum HEX A and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly higher in the AI1 group than in the control. The activities of FUC, GAL, GLU, HEX B, and MAN were lower in the AI group. We found fair and poor accuracy, respectively, for increased enzymes HEX A and ALT. We found fair accuracy for decreased HEX B (AI1) and MAN (AI1), good accuracy for GLU (AI2), FUC (AI2), GAL (AI1, AI2), MAN (AI2), and excellent for FUC (AI1). Correlations were found: ALT with C-reactive protein (CRP), HEX A with white blood cell (WBC) count, blood alcohol concentration with FUC, MAN and HEX B, and WBC with FUC.
Conclusions:
Decreased FUC, GLU, GAL, MAN values, and especially FUC (AI1) have the potential to be markers of harmful alcohol use in children/adolescents. The raised activity of HEX A and ALT points to the need for further research to check another inflammatory agent as potential alcohol marker in children and adolescents. Samples need to be collected before intravenous fluid therapy.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
02:37Oxidation of Alcohols
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
01:17Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
02:29Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
02:31Protection of Alcohols
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition