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Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
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Comparing different methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components at multiple temporal scales.

Qiang Tie1, Hongchang Hu2, Fuqiang Tian2

  • 1Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Estimating forest evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial. Sap flow methods align well with eddy covariance at annual, monthly, and daily scales, but show diurnal lags. Other methods vary in accuracy.

Keywords:
Catchment water balanceEddy covarianceForest evapotranspirationSap flowSoil water budgetSubhumid mountainous forest

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology and Ecology
  • Forest Science
  • Environmental Meteorology

Background:

  • Accurate estimation of forest evapotranspiration (ET) and its components is vital for hydrological, ecological, and meteorological applications.
  • Various methods exist for quantifying forest ET, but their reliability across different temporal scales requires thorough evaluation.
  • In situ measurements are essential for validating and comparing these estimation techniques in complex forest ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy and reliability of different methods for estimating forest evapotranspiration and its components.
  • To evaluate these methods at annual, monthly, daily, and diurnal temporal scales.
  • To provide referential significance for forest ET estimation in similar environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • In situ measurements were conducted in a subhumid mountainous forest in North China.
  • Sap flow upscaling procedures were employed, considering forest type and species diversity.
  • Comparisons were made against eddy covariance (EC) measurements and soil water budget methods.

Main Results:

  • Sap flow upscaling provided component-based ET estimates consistent with EC at annual, monthly, and daily scales.
  • Soil water budget estimates showed qualitative agreement with EC at the daily scale.
  • Catchment water balance estimates significantly exceeded EC estimates annually, potentially due to subsurface runoff.
  • Diurnal sap flow-based canopy transpiration estimates lagged behind EC-based ET, attributed to stem water storage and hydraulic conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Sap flow upscaling is a reliable method for estimating forest ET components at longer temporal scales (annual, monthly, daily).
  • Discrepancies at sub-daily scales highlight physiological limitations and the importance of considering stem processes.
  • Methodological choices significantly impact ET estimates, underscoring the need for careful evaluation in specific environmental contexts.