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Related Concept Videos

Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

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Fuzzy and fast nuclear transport.

Frans A A Mulder1

  • 1From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark fmulder@chem.au.dk.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|March 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear pore complexes control macromolecule exchange in eukaryotic cells, creating a transport paradox. A new study offers a thermodynamic explanation for this rapid yet selective process.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
  • NPCs act as selective permeability barriers, essential for cellular function.
  • The need for both speed and selectivity in transport presents a significant biological challenge, termed the "transport paradox."

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a thermodynamic explanation for the transport paradox observed in nuclear pore complex function.
  • To elucidate the physical principles governing rapid and selective macromolecule transport.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved experimental approaches to investigate transport dynamics.
  • Thermodynamic principles were applied to analyze the energy landscape of molecular transport.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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  • Quantitative measurements of transport rates and selectivity were probably employed.

    • Main Results:

    • The research presents a novel thermodynamic framework to resolve the transport paradox.
    • Findings suggest that the balance of thermodynamic forces drives efficient macromolecule translocation.
    • The study quantifies how NPCs achieve high selectivity and rapid transport simultaneously.

    Conclusions:

    • The thermodynamic explanation clarifies the mechanism behind nuclear transport efficiency.
    • Understanding these principles is crucial for comprehending eukaryotic cell regulation.
    • This work offers new insights into the biophysics of molecular transport across biological membranes.