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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys01:27

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Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Survey Safety01:28

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Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation01:18

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Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between...
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Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Methods for Image-based Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Their Habitat Exemplified by the Drop Camera Survey for the Atlantic Sea Scallop
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Using a Small Cash Incentive to Increase Survey Response.

John A Cosgrove1

  • 1School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. Jcosgrove@ssw.umaryland.edu.

Administration and Policy in Mental Health
|March 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A $2 incentive improved survey response rates over time for human service professionals but was not cost-effective for increasing the total number of responses.

Keywords:
Behavioral health services researchIncentiveMental health services researchResponse rateSurvey research

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Human Services Research
  • Survey Methodology

Background:

  • Low response rates are a persistent challenge in surveys of human service professionals.
  • Nonresponse bias and extended data collection timelines can impact research validity.
  • Incentives are often used to improve survey participation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a prepaid $2 incentive increases survey response rates over time among social workers and volunteer mediators.
  • To assess the cost-effectiveness of the incentive for increasing the total response count.
  • To examine if the incentive's effect differs between social workers and mediators.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-mode survey was administered to social workers and volunteer mediators.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to receive a survey with or without a prepaid $2 incentive.
  • Response rates over time and total response counts were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The $2 incentive significantly increased survey response rates over time.
  • The incentive's effect on response rates was consistent across both social workers and mediators.
  • The $2 incentive was not found to be cost-effective for increasing the overall number of responses.

Conclusions:

  • Prepaid monetary incentives can enhance survey response rates and potentially reduce time-to-response in human services research.
  • While improving response rates, the cost-effectiveness of incentives for increasing response count requires careful consideration.
  • Future research should balance response rate improvements against the financial investment for optimal survey strategies.