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Working memory training mostly engages general-purpose large-scale networks for learning.

Juha Salmi1, Lars Nyberg2, Matti Laine3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|March 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) training engages broad brain networks, similar to perceptual-motor learning. Key differences include prefrontal cortex modulation, suggesting frontostriatal roles in cognitive transfer.

Keywords:
Brain imagingCognitive trainingExecutive functionPlasticityWorking memoryfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cognitive training, particularly working memory (WM) training, is of significant research interest.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of WM training and its transfer effects is crucial for developing effective cognitive interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically examine brain activation changes after working memory (WM) training.
  • To compare WM training-induced neural changes with those from perceptual-motor (PM) learning.
  • To identify brain regions mediating transfer to untrained WM tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on working memory (WM) training.
  • Comparison of brain activation patterns between WM training and perceptual-motor (PM) learning.
  • Analysis of neural correlates associated with training duration and task transfer.

Main Results:

  • WM training recruits domain-general learning networks, including attention, salience, sensory, and striatal areas, overlapping with PM learning.
  • Distinctive WM training effects involve modulation of dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC/VLPFC) activity.
  • The frontostriatal system (striatum, VLPFC, DLPFC) showed significant changes, indicating its role in WM task transfer, especially with longer training.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory (WM) training effects align with a general perception-action cycle, with task-specific modulations.
  • Prefrontal cortex and frontostriatal network alterations are key features of WM training and its transfer potential.
  • Training duration influences the modulation of brain areas critical for cognitive transfer.