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Heterogeneous Multifrequency Direct Inversion (HMDI) for magnetic resonance elastography with application to a

Eric Barnhill1, Penny J Davies2, Cemre Ariyurek3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Medical Image Analysis
|March 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new method, Heterogeneous Multifrequency Direct Inversion (HMDI), improves magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) by accurately mapping brain stiffness and viscosity, even with complex tissue properties and noise.

Keywords:
ElastographyInverse problemsMagnetic resonance elastographyMagnetic resonance imagingViscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure the viscoelastic properties of biological tissues.
  • Existing direct inversion (DI) methods often assume tissue homogeneity, limiting their accuracy in complex biological structures like the brain.
  • Accurate characterization of brain viscoelasticity is crucial for understanding neurological conditions and aging processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel viscoelastic wave inversion method, Heterogeneous Multifrequency Direct Inversion (HMDI), capable of handling heterogeneous elasticity.
  • To compare the performance of HMDI against a Helmholtz-type DI method (MDEV) using simulated and in vivo MRE data.
  • To establish an automated 'brain palpation' exam for assessing whole brain and white matter viscoelastic properties.

Main Methods:

  • HMDI was developed by incorporating first-order gradients and multifrequency data to accommodate heterogeneous elasticity within a direct inversion framework.
  • The method was validated using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations with varying noise levels and a cohort of 48 healthy adult subjects (ages 18-65).
  • HMDI and MDEV were combined with SPM segmentation for automated analysis of whole brain (WB) and white matter (WM) complex modulus magnitude (|G*|) and viscous dispersion.

Main Results:

  • HMDI demonstrated superior accuracy in simulated data, recovering prescribed material properties within 1% compared to MDEV's 5% up to 20 dB SNR.
  • In vivo, both HMDI and MDEV yielded |G*| values comparable to existing literature for WB and WM.
  • Both methods showed moderate correlations with age (Pearson's r ≥ 0.4) for both |G*| and its frequency slope, indicating age-related changes in brain viscoelasticity.

Conclusions:

  • HMDI offers improved accuracy, noise robustness, and shape preservation compared to MDEV, making it a valuable addition to MRE reconstruction techniques.
  • The fully automated 'brain palpation' exam using HMDI provides a fast and regularization-free approach to assess brain viscoelasticity.
  • The study confirms age-related decreases in brain viscoelasticity and highlights significant inter-individual variations in MRE results.