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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Long noncoding RNAs in cancer-immunity cycle.

Wei-Di Yu1, Huanhuan Wang2, Qi-Feng He1

  • 1Liver Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|March 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in cancer immunity, influencing key stages from antigen presentation to immune cell infiltration and cancer cell killing. Understanding these immune-related lncRNAs offers new therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
cancercancer-immunity cycleimmunitylncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Immune microenvironment imbalance drives cancer development and progression.
  • Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing research field.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer, including metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the functions and mechanisms of immune-related lncRNAs.
  • To summarize the relationship between lncRNAs and cancer immunity.
  • To provide a framework for future research based on the cancer-immunity cycle theory.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNAs in cancer immunity.
  • Analysis of lncRNA functions across different stages of the cancer-immunity cycle.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on molecular mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play critical roles in multiple phases of cancer immunity: antigen release, presentation, immune activation, immune cell migration, infiltration, and cancer cell killing.
  • Functional studies reveal complex molecular mechanisms underlying cancer immunity.
  • Immune-related lncRNAs represent potential novel targets for cancer immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Immune-related lncRNAs are integral to cancer immunity, offering new perspectives on molecular mechanisms.
  • Targeting lncRNAs holds promise for developing innovative cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate roles of lncRNAs in the cancer-immunity cycle.