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Scapular kinematics during scaption in competitive swimmers.
Y Blache1, B Gillet1,2, J Selin1
1a Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité - EA 7424, UFRSTAPS , Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France.
European Journal of Sport Science
|March 27, 2018
Summary
Swimming practice leads to protracted shoulders and eliminates side-to-side differences in scapular upward rotation. Elite swimmers show increased internal rotation, indicating adaptation to training.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Kinesiology
Background:
- Scapular kinematics are crucial for efficient and pain-free overhead movements.
- Swimming involves repetitive overhead motions, potentially leading to adaptations in shoulder mechanics.
- Understanding scapular adaptations in swimmers is important for injury prevention and performance optimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare scapular kinematics among different levels of swimmers and non-swimmers.
- To investigate the effects of swimming practice on scapular asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant sides.
- To analyze kinematic differences during arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane.
Main Methods:
- Electromagnetic system used to assess bilateral scapular kinematics.
- 42 healthy males divided into four groups: control, adolescent elite swimmers, adult elite swimmers, and club-level adult swimmers.
- One-Way ANOVA SPM(t) with repeated measures analyzed kinematic data during arm elevation and depression.
Main Results:
- Swimmers exhibited more protracted shoulders (30°-90° arm elevation) compared to controls.
- Swimmers showed no bilateral differences in scapular upward rotation, unlike controls where the dominant side was more rotated.
- Adult elite swimmers displayed increased scapular internal rotation during arm elevation and depression compared to other groups.
Conclusions:
- Swimming practice induces shoulder protraction and reduces bilateral scapular asymmetries.
- Elite-level swimming experience is associated with significant adaptations in scapular internal rotation.
- These findings highlight the specific kinematic changes resulting from swimming training.
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