Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Energy: Application01:12

Conservation of Energy: Application

8.3K
When solving problems using the energy conservation law, the object (system) to be studied should first be identified. Often, in applications of energy conservation, we study more than one body at the same time. Second, identify all forces acting on the object and determine whether each force doing work is conservative. If a non-conservative force (e.g., friction) is doing work, then mechanical energy is not conserved. The system must then be analyzed with non-conservative work. Third, for...
8.3K
Application of the Energy Equation01:04

Application of the Energy Equation

1.2K
The application of the energy equation to centrifugal pumps is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics and engineering. In this scenario, the energy equation is used to calculate the flow rate of a centrifugal pump responsible for transferring water between two reservoirs at different elevations. The pump applies an energy input of 7500 joules per second, and the vertical difference between the lower and upper reservoirs is 10 meters. Additionally, the head loss due to friction and other...
1.2K
What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

59.6K
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
59.6K
Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

52.3K
Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
52.3K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.7K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.7K
Radicals01:27

Radicals

762
Roots, often written as radicals, identify the quantity that must be raised to a specific exponent to produce a given value. A radical expression consists of two main components: the radicand, which is the value placed inside the root symbol, and the index, which indicates the degree of the root being taken. The notation n√a indicates the principal nth root of a. If n equals 2, the operation is the square root, while n = 3 defines the cube root. When n is even, a negative radicand does...
762

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nocturnal Intraocular Pressure Monitoring With a Soft Contact Lens Sensor for Glaucoma Management.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Long Short-Term Memory-GPT-4 Integration for Interpretable Biomedical Signal Classification: Proof-of-Concept Study.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

LSTM-GPT-4 Integration for Interpretable Biomedical Signal Classification.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

Synthesis of disaccharide and trisaccharide substructures of an A. baumannii lipooligosaccharide core.

Carbohydrate research·2025
Same author

Poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Saliva-Gel: A Polymer-Based Solution for Xerostomia Treatment.

ACS applied polymer materials·2025
Same author

Organic Cation Engineering for Vertical Charge Transport in Lead-Free Perovskite Quantum Wells.

Small science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

3.8K

Stable Radical Materials for Energy Applications.

Daniel A Wilcox1, Varad Agarkar2, Sanjoy Mukherjee1

  • 1Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; email: wilcox32@purdue.edu , mukher16@purdue.edu , boudouris@purdue.edu.

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stable open-shell radical materials are crucial for advancing organic batteries and energy conversion devices. Their unique properties offer new opportunities in optoelectronics and energy applications.

Keywords:
batteriesdoublet state transitionsorganic light-emitting diodesradical polymersredox reactionssolar cells

More Related Videos

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

15.4K
Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
14:22

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

3.8K
Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

15.4K
Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
14:22

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Energy Storage
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Stable open-shell radical materials, though less studied, are vital for energy storage and conversion.
  • Their oxidation-reduction properties are key to organic battery advancements.
  • Applications extend to photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and light-emitting devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of molecular design, synthesis, and applications of stable radicals.
  • To highlight their impact on energy storage and conversion technologies.
  • To identify future research directions for open-shell molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stable radical materials.
  • Analysis of molecular design strategies.
  • Synthesis techniques and application data compilation.

Main Results:

  • Stable radicals significantly contribute to organic battery performance.
  • Radical-based materials show promise in photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems.
  • Unique spin states in radicals enable novel optoelectronic device functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • Stable open-shell radicals are versatile materials for diverse energy applications.
  • Further research into their design and synthesis will unlock new potential.
  • These designer molecules are poised for significant future impact in energy technologies.