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Related Concept Videos

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview

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Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
Polar components tend to bind strongly to the silica gel, causing them to move slowly through the column. In contrast, nonpolar compounds...
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Determining Order of Reaction02:53

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Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
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Determination01:51

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

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The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
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Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

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Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
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Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula02:37

Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula

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The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
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Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method
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Determining Dissolved and Biogenic Silica.

Jaana Koistinen1, Mervi Sjöblom2, Kristian Spilling3

  • 1Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland. jaana.koistinen@helsinki.fi.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Diatoms uniquely utilize silicon, forming key algal blooms. This study presents colorimetric methods to quantify dissolved silica (DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) in aquatic environments.

Keywords:
Biogenic silicaDiatomsDissolved silicaSilicon

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Diatoms are unique algae that extensively use silicon, a major component of their structure.
  • Their high growth rates make diatoms significant contributors to algal blooms in natural waters.
  • Understanding silicon's role in diatoms is crucial for aquatic ecosystem studies and cultivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present reliable colorimetric methods for quantifying silicon forms in aquatic samples.
  • To establish procedures for determining dissolved silica (DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi).
  • To provide foundational techniques for diatom research and aquaculture.

Main Methods:

  • Colorimetric analysis for dissolved silica (DSi) determination.
  • Filtration and alkaline digestion for biogenic silica (BSi) quantification.
  • Standardized laboratory protocols for accurate silicon measurement.

Main Results:

  • Validated colorimetric methods for DSi and BSi measurement were successfully applied.
  • The methods allow for precise quantification of silicon forms critical to diatom biology.
  • Data generated can support ecological assessments and cultivation efforts.

Conclusions:

  • The presented colorimetric methods are effective for determining DSi and BSi.
  • Accurate silicon quantification is essential for studying diatom blooms and ecology.
  • These methods provide a valuable tool for researchers and aquaculturists working with diatoms.