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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology
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Cell Membrane Coating Nanotechnology.

Ronnie H Fang1, Ashley V Kroll1, Weiwei Gao1

  • 1Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell membrane coating nanotechnology leverages natural cell membranes to enhance nanoparticle functions for disease diagnosis and treatment. This versatile approach offers improved biointerfacing capabilities and expands nanomedicine applications.

Keywords:
biomimetic nanomedicinedetoxificationdrug deliveryimmunotherapymedical imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Nanoparticle-based therapeutics, prevention, and detection are revolutionizing disease management.
  • Rational design of nanocarriers is crucial for specific clinical applications.
  • Cell-membrane-coating nanotechnology is an emerging platform leveraging natural cell membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of cell-membrane-coating nanotechnology.
  • To highlight the advantages of using natural cell membranes for nanoparticle functionalization.
  • To explore current and potential applications of this technology in nanomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell membrane coating techniques.
  • Analysis of the top-down approach for creating cell membrane-coated nanoparticles.
  • Discussion of the biointerfacing capabilities imparted by natural cell membranes.

Main Results:

  • Cell membrane coating is a facile and generalizable technique to enhance nanocarriers.
  • This approach imbues nanoparticles with superior biointerfacing properties.
  • Applications extend beyond traditional nanomedicine, offering novel therapeutic and diagnostic possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Cell membrane-coating nanotechnology is a promising field with significant potential.
  • Further research is needed to refine workflows and discover new applications.
  • This technology can augment existing nanocarriers and enable advanced disease management strategies.