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Related Experiment Video

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Microstructural imaging of human neocortex in vivo.

Luke J Edwards1, Evgeniya Kirilina2, Siawoosh Mohammadi3

  • 1Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

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|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables non-invasive in vivo histology of the human neocortex. This technique probes microstructure across all scales, advancing neuroscience and clinical applications.

Keywords:
Gray matterHigh resolutionQuantitativehMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Human Brain Anatomy

Background:

  • The human neocortex, responsible for higher brain functions, has traditionally been studied using post-mortem histology and animal models.
  • Neocortical microstructure spans a vast range of scales, from microns to centimeters.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive method to study neocortical microstructure in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in MRI-based in vivo histology for probing human neocortical microstructure.
  • To focus on the mapping of myelin, iron, and neuronal fibers within the neocortex.
  • To assess the potential of quantitative MRI techniques for understanding neocortical structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on MRI applications for neocortical microstructure analysis.
  • Focus on quantitative MRI techniques like mapping of myelin and iron content.
  • Exploration of diffusion MRI for in vivo neuronal fiber mapping.

Main Results:

  • MRI-based in vivo histology is advancing knowledge in cortical parcellation and age-related iron deposition.
  • Myelin content mapping using quantitative MRI aids in understanding cortical organization.
  • Iron mapping reveals insights into age-related changes in the neocortex.
  • Neuronal fiber mapping in vivo remains challenging but shows future promise with diffusion MRI.

Conclusions:

  • MRI-based in vivo histology is a rapidly developing field with significant potential for neuroscience and clinical applications.
  • Combining multiple quantitative MRI maps can enhance specificity in inferring neocortical microstructure.
  • Further development in modeling is needed to integrate complementary MRI data effectively.
  • Future advancements will improve the specificity, sensitivity, and clinical utility of in vivo neocortical histology.