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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Reliability and Validity01:29

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
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Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

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Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
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Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

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Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
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RT-qPCR for Fecal Mature MicroRNA Quantification and Validation.

Farid E Ahmed1, Nancy C Ahmed2, Mostafa M Gouda3

  • 1GEM Tox Labs, Institute for Research in Biotechnology, Greenville, NC, USA. gemtoxconsultants@yahoo.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive screening for colon cancer (CC) is possible using microRNAs (miRNAs) in stool. This method offers higher sensitivity and specificity than current tests, with specific miRNA expression levels correlating with cancer stage.

Keywords:
AdenocarcinomaColon cancerColonocyteColorectal cancerTaqMan

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening methods can be invasive and lack sensitivity.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with potential as biomarkers.
  • Stool-based diagnostics offer a noninvasive approach for cancer detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a noninvasive method for colon cancer screening using microRNAs (miRNAs) in stool.
  • To identify specific miRNAs whose expression levels change during colorectal cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Exfoliated colonocytes were isolated from stool using paramagnetic beads.
  • Global miRNA expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 Array.
  • Quantitative stem-loop reverse transcriptase (RT) followed by TaqMan® minor-groove binding (MGB) probe, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used for validation.

Main Results:

  • Twelve miRNAs showed increased expression in the stool of colorectal cancer patients compared to controls.
  • Eight miRNAs exhibited decreased expression in the stool of colorectal cancer patients.
  • The expression levels of these miRNAs correlated with the TNM stage of colorectal cancer, becoming more pronounced in later stages.

Conclusions:

  • Stool-based miRNA analysis is a reliable and quantitative method for colon cancer screening.
  • This noninvasive approach demonstrates higher sensitivity and specificity compared to existing methods.
  • miRNA expression profiling in stool holds significant promise for early detection and monitoring of colorectal cancer progression.