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Application of Medicinal Plants as a Source for Therapeutic Agents Against Streptococcus pyogenes Infections
Mohd Adil1, Rosina Khan2, H P Vasantha Rupasinghe1,3
1Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Background:
Streptococcus pyogenes, a major human pathogen, causes a wide variety of invasive systemic infections such as acute pharyngitis, skin and soft-tissue infections, especially necrotizing fasciitis.
Objective:
This review focuses on the properties of pathogenicity of S. pyogenes and outlines ways to combat infection caused by these bacteria through alternative plant-based medicine.
Conclusion:
This Gram positive bacterium has an ability to form mature biofilm and this sessile life style plays an important role in S. pyogenes pathogenicity. The virulence of these bacteria is further strengthened by its ability to communicate within the micro-colonies through quorum sensing. Most treatments are now aimed at either elimination of this bacterium or suppression of its virulence. The emergence of antibiotic resistance among S. pyogenes and treatment failure has become an added concern globally. One of its virulence properties, biofilm formation, has made it more resistant to antibiotic therapy. This has vitalized the necessity for searching alternative therapies for its treatment. The growing research in herbal medicines has led to the discovery of various phytochemicals to limit the virulence of S. pyogenes.
Insights
Streptococcus pyogenes infections are concerning due to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Alternative plant-based medicines offer a promising strategy to combat these challenging bacterial pathogens.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pathogenesis
- Phytomedicine
Background:
- Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant human pathogen responsible for severe infections like necrotizing fasciitis.
- This bacterium exhibits virulence through biofilm formation and quorum sensing, complicating treatment.
- Increasing antibiotic resistance in S. pyogenes necessitates novel therapeutic approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes.
- To explore alternative, plant-based treatments against S. pyogenes infections.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on S. pyogenes virulence factors.
- Analysis of research on phytochemicals and herbal medicines for antimicrobial properties.
Main Results:
- Biofilm formation and quorum sensing enhance S. pyogenes virulence and antibiotic resistance.
- Phytochemicals show potential in limiting S. pyogenes virulence.
- Herbal medicine research identifies promising alternative therapeutic agents.
Conclusions:
- S. pyogenes poses a significant threat due to its virulence and resistance.
- Alternative therapies, particularly plant-based medicines, are crucial for managing S. pyogenes infections.
- Further research into phytochemicals is vital for developing new treatments.
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