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Colloidal lithography nanostructured Pd/PdO x core-shell sensor for ppb level H2S detection.

Samatha Benedict1, Chatdanai Lumdee2, Alexandre Dmitriev2

  • 1Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a palladium/palladium oxide core-shell sensor for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) at ppb levels. Nanostructuring significantly enhanced sensor performance, improving sensitivity and response times for H₂S detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Reliable detection of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is crucial for environmental and industrial safety.
  • Palladium-based sensors offer potential for gas detection but require optimization for sensitivity and selectivity.
  • Plasma oxidation and nanostructuring are advanced techniques for enhancing material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a palladium/palladium oxide (Pd/PdOₓ) core-shell sensor for ppb-level H₂S detection.
  • To improve the H₂S sensing performance of Pd/PdOₓ sensors through nanostructuring using hole-mask colloidal lithography (HCL).
  • To investigate the impact of nanostructure dimensions on sensor sensitivity, response time, and limit of detection.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma oxidation of palladium (Pd) films to create Pd/PdOₓ core-shell structures.
  • Optimization of plasma oxidation parameters and sensor operating conditions.
  • Application of hole-mask colloidal lithography (HCL) to create nanostructured Pd films.
  • Fabrication of nanostructured Pd/PdOₓ sensors with varying nanodisc dimensions.
  • Material characterization using UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS).

Main Results:

  • The optimized plasma-oxidized Pd/PdOₓ sensor demonstrated a 43.1% response to 3 ppm H₂S at 200 °C, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 10 ppb.
  • Nanostructuring using HCL (100 nm diameter, 10 nm height nanodiscs) enhanced sensing performance by 11.8%.
  • The nanostructured sensor exhibited faster response (15 s) and recovery (100 s) times, with an estimated LoD as low as 2 ppb.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma oxidation is effective in creating reliable Pd/PdOₓ core-shell sensors for H₂S detection.
  • Nanostructuring via HCL significantly boosts the sensitivity and speed of Pd/PdOₓ H₂S sensors.
  • The developed nanostructured sensor shows promise for highly sensitive and rapid H₂S monitoring applications.