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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Tissue Engineering Under Microgravity Conditions-Use of Stem Cells and Specialized Cells.

Daniela Grimm1,2, Marcel Egli3, Marcus Krüger2

  • 11 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .

Stem Cells and Development
|March 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Simulated microgravity using devices like the rotating wall vessel (RWV) enables advanced three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering with stem cells. These engineered tissues offer new avenues for drug testing and regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:
microgravitymulticellular spheroidsorganoidsrandom positioning machinerotating wall vesselspaceflightstem cellstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Gravitational Biology and Biomedicine
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering is crucial for understanding biological processes.
  • Simulating microgravity conditions on Earth is a key area of research.
  • Stem cells and specialized cells are vital for tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on using stem cells and specialized cells for tissue engineering under simulated microgravity.
  • To highlight advancements in constructing 3D tissue aggregates using specific devices.
  • To explore the potential applications of microgravity-engineered tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing devices such as the random positioning machine (RPM), clinostat, and rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor.
  • Engineering various tissues including vessels, eye tissue, bone, cartilage, and multicellular tumor spheroids.
  • Investigating stem cell behavior and relevant pathways under microgravity conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successful construction of 3D tissue aggregates from diverse cell types.
  • Demonstrated potential for engineering specific tissues like bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue using stem cells.
  • Identified changes in stem cells exposed to microgravity and associated biological pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Microgravity-based tissue engineering offers a novel approach to create organoids, spheroids, and tissues.
  • Engineered 3D aggregates are valuable for drug testing, coculture models, and radiation experiments.
  • Patient-derived cells engineered in microgravity represent a significant advancement for translational regenerative medicine.