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Severe Periodontitis Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction in Females.

E Nordendahl1, A Gustafsson1, A Norhammar2,3

  • 11 Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Dental Research
|March 30, 2018
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Summary

Severe periodontitis (PD) is linked to a higher risk of first myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in women. This association persists even after accounting for other risk factors, highlighting the importance of dental health in cardiovascular risk assessment.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscardiovascular diseaseepidemiologygender differenceinflammationrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Periodontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Periodontitis (PD), a severe gum infection, is a growing public health concern.
  • Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between oral health and cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential sex differences in the association between periodontitis and first myocardial infarction.
  • To determine if periodontitis is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction in different sexes.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 785 patients with a first MI and 792 matched controls.
  • Periodontal status assessed via panoramic dental X-ray, categorizing into no PD, mild-to-moderate PD, and severe PD.
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, smoking, diabetes, education, and marital status.

Main Results:

  • Severe PD was more prevalent in female MI patients compared to controls (14% vs. 4%, P=0.005).
  • An increased risk of severe PD was observed in female MI patients (OR=3.92), persisting after adjustments (OR=3.72).
  • While males with severe PD also showed an increased risk (OR=1.88), this association was not significant after adjustments (OR=1.67).

Conclusions:

  • Severe periodontitis is associated with myocardial infarction in both sexes.
  • The association between severe periodontitis and first MI remains significant only in females after adjusting for confounders.
  • Dental health, particularly severe periodontitis, should be considered in cardiovascular risk assessment, especially for women.