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Sidelobe apodization in optical pulse compression reflectometry for fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing.

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    This study introduces a Gaussian probe pulse technique for distributed acoustic sensing, significantly reducing sidelobes in optical pulse compression reflectometry. This method enhances signal quality and spatial resolution in long-fiber sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Photonics
    • Fiber Optic Sensing

    Background:

    • Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) relies on optical pulse reflectometry.
    • Sidelobes in optical pulse compression can degrade sensing performance.
    • Existing methods for sidelobe reduction may impact spatial resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a technique for reducing sidelobes in optical pulse compression reflectometry for DAS.
    • To improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and maintain high spatial resolution.
    • To achieve a record number of spatially resolved points in a long-fiber DAS system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a Gaussian probe pulse with linear frequency modulation for optical pulse compression.
    • Comparing the performance against traditional square pulses and receiver-side windowing techniques.
    • Implementing the technique on a 50 km fiber sensing link.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 13 dB improvement in sidelobe suppression compared to square pulses.
    • Demonstrated no significant penalty in spatial resolution.
    • Calculated a 2.25 dB enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over receiver-side windowing.
    • Successfully measured 700 Hz vibrations with 140 nε amplitude.
    • Achieved 34 cm spatial resolution, yielding 147,058 spatially resolved points.

    Conclusions:

    • The Gaussian probe pulse technique effectively reduces sidelobes in optical pulse compression reflectometry for DAS.
    • This method offers superior sidelobe suppression and SNR enhancement without compromising spatial resolution.
    • The technique enables high-density, long-range distributed acoustic sensing with unprecedented spatial resolution.