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Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
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SNR improvement in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR using Nyquist zone averaging.

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    This study introduces a new post-processing method for time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (TE Φ-OTDR). The technique enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by averaging multiple Nyquist zones, improving distributed sensing capabilities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Distributed Sensing
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (TE Φ-OTDR) offers centimeter-scale resolution and MHz RF detection bandwidth.
    • Current TE Φ-OTDR methods extract fiber response from the first Nyquist zone (NZ).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel post-processing strategy for TE Φ-OTDR to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • To enhance the performance of distributed sensing systems without compromising spatial resolution or acoustic sampling.

    Main Methods:

    • A post-processing technique involving spectral averaging across multiple Nyquist zones (NZs) was developed.
    • The proposed method was evaluated by analyzing 200 NZs.

    Main Results:

    • The spectral averaging strategy significantly improved the average SNR of TE Φ-OTDR traces by 23.56 dB.
    • The enhancement in SNR was achieved without any degradation in acoustic sampling or spatial resolution.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed post-processing method effectively enhances SNR in TE Φ-OTDR systems.
    • This advancement offers a more robust and sensitive distributed sensing solution for various applications.