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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Proboscis Extension Response Protocol for Investigating Behavioral Plasticity in Insects: Application to Basic, Biomedical, and Agricultural Research
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Epigenetics and developmental plasticity in orthopteroid insects.

Nathan Lo1, Stephen J Simpson2, Gregory A Sword3

  • 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|April 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Insect epigenetics drives developmental plasticity, enabling adaptation through gene expression changes. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs are key regulatory mechanisms in locusts and termites.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Epigenetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Developmental plasticity is crucial for insect ecological success.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms link environmental stimuli to stable gene expression changes, resulting in alternative insect morphs.
  • Orthopteroid insects, like locusts and termites, exhibit significant phenotypic plasticity and have recently had their genomes sequenced.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of epigenetics in orthopteroid insects.
  • To highlight recent research on locusts and termites.
  • To explore the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in regulating gene expression and phenotypic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on orthopteroid epigenetics.
  • Analysis of existing genomic data for locusts and termites.
  • Examination of studies investigating DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, are implicated in regulating gene expression for alternative morphs in orthopteroids.
  • DNA methylation patterns in orthopteroids share similarities with hymenopterans but exhibit higher levels and extend to introns and repeat elements.
  • Recent genomic advancements facilitate deeper investigation into these epigenetic processes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is fundamental to the developmental plasticity and adaptive success of insects.
  • Further research comparing aged-matched individuals from alternative morphs with adequate replication is essential for a comprehensive understanding.
  • Comparative epigenomics offers promising avenues for future studies in insect evolution and adaptation.