Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

1.1K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.1K
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

4.6K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
4.6K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

1.1K
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
1.1K
Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

86
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
86
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

700
Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
700
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

2.5K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Future directions of brachial plexus injuries in contact athletes.

Annals of joint·2026
Same author

Accuracy and Reliability of Video-Based Range-of-Motion Assessments in Postreconstruction Brachial Plexus Patients.

JB & JS open access·2025
Same author

Brachial plexus injuries in the contact athlete: a narrative review.

Annals of joint·2025
Same author

Variation in Recommended Treatment Strategies Among American Surgeons for Actual Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury Cases.

The Journal of hand surgery·2024
Same author

Pain Interference Prior to and 1 Year After Surgery for Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury.

The Journal of hand surgery·2024
Same author

Modified Brunelli Reconstruction for Scapholunate Ligament Dissociation.

JBJS essential surgical techniques·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:04

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

612

Opioid Use After Upper Extremity Surgery.

Erich M Gauger1, Erica J Gauger2, Mihir J Desai1

  • 1Vanderbilt Department of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|April 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgeons often overprescribe opioids after upper extremity surgery. Utilizing multimodal pain management and regional anesthesia can reduce opioid use and mitigate risks associated with the ongoing opioid epidemic.

Keywords:
Opioidnarcoticsopioid abuseupper extremity

More Related Videos

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation
05:52

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

Published on: March 8, 2018

19.8K
Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
08:45

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

Published on: March 28, 2018

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:04

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

612
Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation
05:52

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

Published on: March 8, 2018

19.8K
Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
08:45

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

Published on: March 28, 2018

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The United States faces an opioid epidemic, with Americans consuming 80% of the global supply.
  • Pain is recognized as the fifth vital sign, increasing the importance of effective pain management.
  • Surgeons must balance patient pain relief with responsible opioid prescribing practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on postoperative opioid use following upper extremity surgery.
  • To identify risk factors for opioid misuse and abuse in this patient population.
  • To inform surgeons on evidence-based strategies for optimizing opioid prescriptions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published articles on opioid consumption after upper extremity procedures.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating risk factors, anesthetic techniques, and pain management modalities.
  • Synthesis of findings to guide clinical decision-making in perioperative pain control.

Main Results:

  • Surgeons typically prescribe 2-5 times more opioids than patients actually consume.
  • Multimodal pain management strategies significantly decrease postoperative opioid consumption.
  • Risk factors for prolonged opioid use include younger age, substance abuse history, and psychological disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Regional anesthesia, especially with long-acting agents or catheters, aids postoperative pain management.
  • Evidence supports the efficacy of multimodal approaches in reducing opioid reliance.
  • Informed prescribing based on patient-specific factors and available evidence is crucial.