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Magnetic solid-phase extraction or dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pyrethroid determination in

Marta Pastor-Belda1, Tania Navarro-Jiménez1, Isabel Garrido2

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

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Summary

This study developed methods to detect 15 pyrethroids in soil and water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. No pyrethroids were found in the analyzed environmental samples above detection limits.

Keywords:
dispersive liquid-liquid microextractiongas chromatography with mass spectrometrymagnetic solid-phase extractionpyrethroidssoils

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Pyrethroids are widely used insecticides.
  • Monitoring pyrethroid residues in environmental matrices is crucial for assessing ecological risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate sensitive analytical methods for determining 15 pyrethroids in soil and water.
  • To assess the presence of these pyrethroids in environmental samples.

Main Methods:

  • Soil samples were analyzed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction after solid-liquid extraction.
  • Water samples were analyzed using magnetic solid-phase extraction with magnetic nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
  • Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for compound detection and quantification.

Main Results:

  • Sensitive methods were established with low limits of detection (0.03-0.5 ng/g for soil, 0.09-0.24 ng/mL for water).
  • Matrix-matched calibration is recommended for soil samples, while standard calibration is suitable for water samples.
  • None of the analyzed environmental samples contained detectable levels of the studied pyrethroids.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods are effective for the sensitive determination of pyrethroids in soil and water.
  • The absence of detected pyrethroids suggests low contamination levels in the studied environmental samples at the time of analysis.