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Papillomaviruses in ruminants: An update.
C Daudt1,2, F R C Da Silva1,2, M Lunardi3,4
1Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|April 1, 2018
Summary
Papillomaviruses (PVs) infect amniotes, causing lesions. This review updates the epidemiology, classification, and genomes of ruminant PVs, including bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), and distinguishes high-risk from low-risk types.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Papillomaviruses (PVs) are widespread viruses infecting skin and mucosae in amniotes.
- Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are a significant group within animal PVs, second only to human PVs in research.
- PVs can cause benign or malignant lesions, influenced by viral oncogenicity, host factors, and infection site.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated review of the epidemiology, classification, and genomic characteristics of ruminant papillomaviruses (PVs).
- To focus on bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) affecting animals globally.
- To differentiate between high-risk Delta papillomaviruses and lower-risk genera, and discuss newly identified PVs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing current research on PVs in ruminants.
- Analysis of genetic characterization data, facilitated by advancements in whole-genome sequencing techniques.
- Comparative analysis of viral genome features and epidemiological data.
Main Results:
- Recent advancements in sequencing have accelerated the genetic characterization of animal PVs.
- The review clarifies distinctions between high-risk Delta papillomaviruses and other genera (Xi, Epsilon, Dyoxi, Dyokappapillomavirus).
- Newly identified PVs such as BPV18, BPV19, BPV21, and PpuPV1, belonging to an unclassified genus, are discussed.
Conclusions:
- This review offers a comprehensive update on ruminant PVs, particularly BPVs.
- Understanding the classification and genomic features is crucial for assessing PV risk and pathogenicity.
- Continued research and genetic characterization are vital for managing PV infections in animals.
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