Primary lung carcinoma combined with pulmonary amyloidosis secondary to syphilis infection

A 55-year-old female patient was found to have a pulmonary nodule combined with multiple lung cysts detected on CT scan. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy was performed and the nodule showed adenocarcinoma while the whole left upper lobe showed a heavy deposition of amyloid. Syphilis infection was detected and was suspected contributing to secondary pulmonary amyloidosis. Although very rare, pulmonary amyloidosis should be added to the differential diagnosis for solid pulmonary nodules. Furthermore, widespread lung cysts located apart from pulmonary nodules is especially rare in pulmonary amyloidosis secondary to syphilis infection.