Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026
07:24
Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock
Published on: June 29, 2017
9.5K
Recent advances on production of 2, 3-butanediol using engineered microbes
Zhiliang Yang1, Zisheng Zhang1
1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Biotechnology Advances
|April 3, 2018
Summary
This review details advances in microbial production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), a key industrial chemical. Strategies focus on overcoming limitations like low yields and feedstock costs for economic viability.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Industrial Microbiology
- Metabolic Engineering
Background:
- 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is a valuable platform chemical with diverse industrial applications.
- Current microbial production methods face challenges including the use of pathogenic strains, low product titers, and the economic utilization of feedstocks like lignocellulose.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest advancements in the biotechnological production of 2,3-butanediol.
- To discuss engineering strategies for improving microbial 2,3-BD synthesis.
Main Methods:
- Summarizing recent progress in metabolic engineering for 2,3-BD production.
- Reviewing process engineering strategies to enhance yields and economic feasibility.
Main Results:
- Genetic modifications and process optimizations have been employed to address limitations in microbial 2,3-BD production.
- These strategies aim to improve titers, utilize cost-effective feedstocks, and employ non-pathogenic microorganisms.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in engineering microbial hosts for enhanced 2,3-butanediol production.
- Further integration of metabolic and process engineering is crucial for achieving economically viable industrial-scale 2,3-BD manufacturing.
Related Concept Videos
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
7.5K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
7.5K
02:27Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN2
17.4K
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides can proceed via an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism. While in SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the substrate simultaneously as the leaving group departs, in SN1 reactions, the substrate first dissociates to give the carbocation intermediate. Various factors such as the structure of the substrate, the strength of the nucleophile, and the nature of the solvent promote one mechanism over the other.
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
17.4K
00:49What is Genetic Engineering?
80.4K
Overview
80.4K
02:22Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
30.3K
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
30.3K
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
1.2K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.2K
01:13meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
6.8K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.8K