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Review and Preview01:10

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Displacement Current01:19

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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): A Current Review.

Anum Saeed1, Christie M Ballantyne2

  • 1Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, M.S. BCM285, Suite 524D, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, 6655 Travis Street, Suite 320, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cardiology Clinics
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PubMed
Summary

Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) effectively lowers LDL-C, even with statin therapy, and is well-tolerated by patients with statin intolerance. Ongoing trials assess its long-term cardiovascular benefits.

Keywords:
Bempedoic acidCardiovascular diseaseCholesterolLipid-lowering agentsLipidsNonstatin therapyStatin intolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Statins are primary treatments for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
  • A significant number of patients on maximal statin doses still have high LDL-C levels.
  • Some patients experience statin intolerance, limiting treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence and future prospects of bempedoic acid (ETC-1002).
  • To highlight ETC-1002 as a novel LDL-C lowering agent.
  • To discuss its efficacy and safety profile.

Main Methods:

  • Review of phase 1, 2, and ongoing phase 3 clinical trials.
  • Evaluation of ETC-1002's efficacy in monotherapy and combination therapy.
  • Assessment of safety and tolerability, particularly in statin-intolerant patients.

Main Results:

  • ETC-1002 demonstrated efficacy in reducing LDL-C as monotherapy and in combination with statins and/or ezetimibe.
  • The agent was well-tolerated in patients with statin intolerance.
  • ETC-1002 also showed improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) presents a promising therapeutic option for LDL-C reduction.
  • Its efficacy and tolerability make it suitable for patients with statin intolerance.
  • Further phase 3 studies are crucial for evaluating long-term outcomes and cardiovascular event reduction.