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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

2.5K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

8.0K
The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
8.0K
Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption

1.6K
Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
1.6K
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

5.6K
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
5.6K
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

2.5K
Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
2.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS

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Vitamin Excess and Deficiency.

Liliane Diab1, Nancy F Krebs1

  • 1Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.

Pediatrics in Review
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Supplement use is common in children and adolescents. This review covers 7 key vitamins, focusing on deficiency symptoms, toxicity risks, and clinical relevance for pediatricians and parents.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Vitamins and Minerals
  • Clinical Practice

Background:

  • Dietary supplement use is prevalent among children and adolescents in the United States.
  • Pediatricians frequently encounter parental and patient inquiries regarding vitamin and mineral supplements.
  • Concerns include benefits, safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing of supplements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review 7 vitamins with significant clinical relevance for pediatric populations.
  • To identify clinical scenarios suggestive of nutritional deficiencies.
  • To synthesize expert guidelines on vitamin use in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on 7 key vitamins.
  • Assessment based on food abundance, deficiency risks/symptoms, and toxicity potential.

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  • Synthesis of guidelines from major health organizations and medical societies.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 7 vitamins crucial for pediatric health.
    • Detailed potential clinical indicators of specific vitamin deficiencies.
    • Summarized current expert recommendations and guidelines.

    Conclusions:

    • Provides a clinical overview of essential vitamins for pediatricians.
    • Aids in identifying and managing potential nutritional deficiencies in children and adolescents.
    • Supports evidence-based recommendations for vitamin and mineral supplementation.