Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

23.4K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.4K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.8K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.8K
Stability01:28

Stability

425
The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
425
Stability of structures01:14

Stability of structures

532
In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
532
Pole and System Stability01:24

Pole and System Stability

1.0K
The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's...
1.0K
Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

584
Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
584

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hollow circular Pearcey beam.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Microglial sTREM2 limits dyskinesia and acts on TrkB to support circuit plasticity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cell- and state-specific plasticity of striatal glutamatergic synapses is critical to the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Soluble α2δ-1, altered in disease CSF, modulates network homeostasis and rescues deficits in a neuropsychiatric mouse model.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Activity-Dependent Regulation of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons by Striatal Spiny Projection Neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

N-acetyl-l-leucine lowers α-synuclein levels and improves synaptic function in Parkinson's disease models.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila
07:13

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Published on: January 7, 2019

14.7K

CNTNAP2 stabilizes interneuron dendritic arbors through CASK.

Ruoqi Gao1, Nicolas H Piguel1, Alexandria E Melendez-Zaidi1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contactin associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) is vital for inhibitory neuron development in the brain. CNTNAP2 deficiency impairs dendrite stabilization, potentially explaining neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

More Related Videos

Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice
10:55

Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice

Published on: March 31, 2015

10.7K
Biocytin Recovery and 3D Reconstructions of Filled Hippocampal CA2 Interneurons
11:21

Biocytin Recovery and 3D Reconstructions of Filled Hippocampal CA2 Interneurons

Published on: November 20, 2018

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila
07:13

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Published on: January 7, 2019

14.7K
Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice
10:55

Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice

Published on: March 31, 2015

10.7K
Biocytin Recovery and 3D Reconstructions of Filled Hippocampal CA2 Interneurons
11:21

Biocytin Recovery and 3D Reconstructions of Filled Hippocampal CA2 Interneurons

Published on: November 20, 2018

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Contactin associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (ASD, ID, SCZ).
  • Dysfunction of inhibitory neurons is observed in CNTNAP2-related disorders.
  • The cellular mechanisms linking CNTNAP2 to inhibitory neuron function are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CNTNAP2 in inhibitory neuron morphology and function.
  • To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying CNTNAP2's impact on neuronal development.
  • To explore the interaction between CNTNAP2 and other risk genes in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Primary neuronal cultures from Cntnap2 knockout (KO) mice.
  • Acute knockdown of CNTNAP2 in wild-type (WT) neurons.
  • Super-resolution microscopy (SIM, STED).
  • Yeast two-hybrid screening, biochemical assays, proximity ligation assay (PLA).
  • Phenotype rescue experiments.
  • Analysis of Cntnap2 KO mouse brain tissue.

Main Results:

  • Cntnap2 KO neurons exhibit simplified dendritic trees, specifically in inhibitory neurons.
  • Dendrite simplification is due to impaired stabilization, not reduced outgrowth.
  • CNTNAP2 interacts with CASK (calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase), another neurodevelopmental disorder risk gene.
  • Adult Cntnap2 KO mice show reduced interneuron dendritic branching in cortical regions and decreased CASK levels.

Conclusions:

  • CNTNAP2 is essential for stabilizing dendritic trees in inhibitory neurons.
  • The CNTNAP2-CASK interaction mediates dendrite stabilization at the membrane.
  • This mechanism provides a cellular basis for inhibitory circuit dysfunction in CNTNAP2-related neurodevelopmental disorders.