Mandibular mesial root canal morphology using micro-computed tomography in a Brazilian population

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Dental Anatomy
• Radiology

Background:

• Understanding mandibular molar root canal morphology is crucial for successful endodontic treatment.
• Previous studies have shown variability, but detailed analysis using advanced imaging is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively assess the root canal system morphology of mandibular molars using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
• To evaluate Vertucci's classification, lateral canals, apical foramina, root canal isthmi, and mesial root canal dimensions.

Main Methods:

• Micro-computed tomography was used to analyze 104 mandibular first molars.
• Evaluated parameters included Vertucci classification, lateral canals, apical foramina, and root canal isthmi (Hsu & Kim, Fan criteria).
• Mesial root canal surface area and volume were quantified using CTAn and CTvol software.

Main Results:

• The most common root canal configuration was Vertucci type IV (46.2%).
• Lateral canals were present in all root canal thirds, with an average of 3.15 ± 1.77 apical foramina.
• Isthmus types I and II were most prevalent based on Hsu & Kim and Fan criteria, respectively, indicating significant root canal complexity.

Conclusions:

• Mandibular molars exhibit substantial root canal morphology variability, particularly in the mesial root.
• The high prevalence of complex isthmi and multiple apical foramina underscores the need for thorough endodontic evaluation.
• Micro-CT imaging provides detailed insights into root canal anatomy, aiding in improved endodontic treatment planning and execution.