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Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

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The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
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Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

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The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Fischer Projections02:18

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Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
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Survey Safety01:28

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Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Newman Projections02:06

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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns
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How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

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Promoting Newborn Safety Using the RAPPT Assessment and Considering Apgar Criteria: A Quality Improvement Project.

Susan M Ludington-Hoe, Barbara L Morrison-Wilford, Marguerite DiMarco

    Neonatal Network : NN
    |April 5, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nurses improved their knowledge of the Respiratory, Activity, Perfusion, Position, and Tone (RAPPT) instrument after education. The RAPPT tool was correctly used to assess infant transition during skin-to-skin contact (SSC).

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal care
    • Clinical assessment tools
    • Infant transition

    Background:

    • Assessing infant transition to extrauterine life is critical.
    • Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a common practice during this period.
    • Standardized tools enhance assessment accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the implementation of the Respiratory, Activity, Perfusion, Position, and Tone (RAPPT) instrument.
    • To assess infant transition during skin-to-skin contact (SSC).
    • To measure changes in nursing knowledge and scoring accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Nurses (n=17) completed pre/post-tests on RAPPT and Apgar scoring knowledge.
    • An in-service education session on accurate scoring was conducted.
    • Nurses were observed during 17 deliveries with newborns in SSC.

    Main Results:

    • Knowledge scores significantly increased post-education.
    • RAPPT scores were accurately assessed by nurses.
    • Apgar scoring accuracy did not change; nurses relied on overall impressions.

    Conclusions:

    • Education improved nurses' knowledge of the RAPPT instrument.
    • The RAPPT instrument can be effectively implemented for assessing infant transition during SSC.
    • Further strategies may be needed to improve Apgar scoring accuracy.